Title | Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
Authors | Gardner, William M. Razo, Christian McHugh, Theresa A. Hagins, Hailey Vilchis-Tella, Victor M. Hennessy, Conor Taylor, Heather Jean Perumal, Nandita Fuller, Kia Cercy, Kelly M. Zoeckler, Leo Zucker Chen, Catherine S. Lim, Stephen S. Aali, Amirali Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdurehman, Ame Mehadi Abebe, Getachew Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Aboye, Girma Beressa Abtew, Yonas Derso Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adane, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Tigist Demssew Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agustina, Rina Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmed, Ayman Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Aiman, Wajeeha Ajami, Marjan Akbarialiabad, Hossein Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Nazmul Alemayehu, Astawus Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ashar Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Al-Rifai, Rami H. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvand, Saba Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amer, Yasser Sami Abdel Dayem Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Anagaw, Tadele Fentabil Ancuceanu, Robert Anoushirvani, Ali Arash Antwi, Maxwell Hubert Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Ariffin, Hany Aripov, Timur Arja, Asrat Arndt, Michael Benjamin Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Ashraf, Tahira Asresie, Melash Belachew Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atlaw, Daniel Aujayeb, Avinash Awoke, Andargie Abate Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew Azadnajafabad, Sina Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza Darshan, B. B. Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Bagheri, Nasser Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Banik, Palash Chandra Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barr, Ronald D. Barrow, Amadou Bashiri, Azadeh Basu, Saurav Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Begum, Tahmina Belete, Melaku Ashagrie Belo, Luis Bensenor, Isabela M. Berhie, Alemshet Yirga Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bikbov, Boris Billah, Sk Masum Birara, Setognal Bishai, Jessica Devin Bitaraf, Saeid Boloor, Archith Botelho, Joao Silva Burkart, Katrin Calina, Daniela Cembranel, Francieli Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Chanie, Gashaw Sisay Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chien, Ju-Huei Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Chung, Eunice Criqui, Michael H. Cruz-Martins, Natalia Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Gizachew Worku Dai, Xiaochen Danawi, Hadi A. Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Darwesh, Aso Mohammad Das, Jai K. Das, Saswati De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demissie, Solomon Demsie, Desalegn Getnet Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai Desalegn, Markos Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu Dessie, Gashaw Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Dhingra, Sameer Diaz, Daniel Didehdar, Mojtaba Dirac, M. Ashworth Diress, Mengistie Doaei, Saeid Dodangeh, Milad Doku, Paul Narh Dongarwar, Deepa Dora, Bezabih Terefe Dsouza, Haneil Larson Edinur, Hisham Atan Ekholuenetale, Michael Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas Mustafa Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed Elbarazi, Iffat Metwally, Ghada ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik Elhadi, Muhammed El-Huneidi, Waseem Elmonem, Mohamed A. Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Eshetu, Habitu Birhan Ewald, Samuel B. Ezzeddini, Rana Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara Fatehizadeh, Ali Fekadu, Ginenus Feyisa, Bikila Regassa Fischer, Florian Fitzgerald, Ryan Foroutan, Masoud Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael Gadanya, Muktar A. Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gaihre, Santosh Gaipov, Abduzhappar Galali, Yaseen Galehdar, Nasrin Garg, Priyanka Garg, Tushar Gebremariam, Yosef Haile Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremichael, Berhe Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw Gerema, Urge Getacher, Lemma Ghaffari, Kazem Ghafourifard, Mansour Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gholamalizadeh, Maryam Ghozy, Sherief Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T. Glasbey, James C. Golechha, Mahaveer Goleij, Pouya Golitaleb, Mohamad Goulart, Alessandra C. Goyomsa, Girma Garedew Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gudisa, Zewdie Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga Gupta, Rahul Das Gupta, Rajat Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Vivek Kumar Guta, Alemu Habibzadeh, Parham Hamidi, Samer Handal, Alexis J. Hanif, Asif Hannan, Md Abdul Harapan, Harapan Harorani, Mehdi Hasaballah, Ahmed I. Hasan, Md Mehedi Hasani, Hamidreza Hassankhani, Hadi Hassen, Mohammed Bheser Hayat, Khezar Heidari, Golnaz Hess, Sonja Y. Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba Hezam, Kamal Hiraike, Yuta Holla, Ramesh Hossain, Sheikh Jamal Hosseini, Kaveh Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Huang, Junjie Hussain, Salman Hussien, Foziya Mohammed Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M. Immurana, Mustapha Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Merin, Linda J. Jamshidi, Elham Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar Jayarajah, Umesh Jayaram, Shubha Jebai, Rime Jemal, Bedru Jeyakumar, Angeline Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B. Joseph, Nitin Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kabir, Ali Kalankesh, Laleh R. Kalhor, Rohollah Kamal, Vineet Kumar Kandel, Himal Kanko, Tesfaye K. Karaye, Ibraheem M. Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar Katoto, Patrick D. M. C. Kauppila, Joonas H. Kaur, Harkiran Kayode, Gbenga A. Kebede, Adera Debella Keshri, Vikash Ranjan Keykhaei, Mohammad Khader, Yousef Saleh Khajuria, Himanshu Khalid, Nauman Khammarnia, Mohammad Khan, Imteyaz A. Khan, Moien A. B. Khatab, Khaled Khazaei, Zaher Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W. Kisa, Sezer Kompani, Farzad Kosen, Soewarta Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Krishan, Kewal Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kuddus, Mohammed Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Naveen Kumar, Nithin Kurmi, Om P. Kuti, Oluwatosin Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Landires, Ivan Larsson, Anders O. Lassi, Zohra S. Latief, Kamaluddin Laxmaiah, Avula Ledda, Caterina Lee, Sang-woong Legesse, Samson Mideksa Liu, Xuefeng Lorenzovici, Laszlo Machado, Vanessa Sintra Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahjoub, Soleiman Mahmoodpoor, Ata Mahmoudi, Elham Rad, Elaheh Malakan Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain Malta, Deborah Carvalho Masoudi, Sahar Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra Medina, John Robert Carabeo Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Mendes, Jose Joao Mendoza, Walter Mendoza-Cano, Oliver Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A. Meresa, Haftu Asmerom Mestrovic, Tomislav Miazgowski, Tomasz Mirghafourvand, Mojgan Mirica, Andreea Mirza, Moonis Misganaw, Awoke Misra, Sanjeev Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammadi, Shadieh Mohammed, Shafiu Mohan, Syam Moka, Nagabhishek Mokdad, Ali H. Momtazmanesh, Sara Monasta, Lorenzo Moni, Mohammad Ali Moosavi, Delaram Moradi, Maryam Mosapour, Abbas Mostafavi, Ebrahim Muche, Temesgen Mulita, Francesk Mulu, Getaneh Baye Musina, Ana-Maria Mustafa, Ghulam Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nair, Tapas Sadasivan Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha Nassereldine, Hasan Natto, Zuhair S. Nayak, Biswa Prakash Naz, Shumaila Negoi, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Nguefack-Tsague, Georges Ngunjiri, Josephine W. Niazi, Robina Khan Noori, Maryam Nowroozi, Ali Nurrika, Dieta Nuruzzaman, Khan M. Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Oancea, Bogdan Obaidur, Rahman Md Obsa, Mohammed Suleiman Odhiambo, Julius Nyerere Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okonji, Osaretin Christabel Oladunjoye, Adeolu Olufunso Oladunjoye, Olubunmi Omotola Olagunju, Andrew T. Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa Bali, Ahmed Omar Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel Ortiz, Alberto Owolabi, Mayowa O. Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Pakzad, Reza Palicz, Tamas Pandey, Anamika Pandya, Apurva Kumar Papadopoulou, Paraskevi Pardhan, Shahina Patel, Jay Pathak, Ashish Pathan, Aslam Ramjan Paudel, Rajan Paudel, Uttam Pawar, Shrikant Pereira, Gavin Perico, Norberto Perna, Simone Perumalsamy, Navaraj Petcu, Ionela-Roxana Pickering, Brandon V. Piracha, Zahra Zahid Pollok, Richard Charles G. Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Prashant, Akila Qattea, Ibrahim Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi Rahim, Fakher Rahimi, Mehran Rahman, Azizur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rai, Rajesh Kumar Raimondo, Ivano Rajaa, Sathish Ram, Pradhum Rana, Juwel Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Rao, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J. Rashedi, Sina Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rawaf, Salman Rawal, Lal Raza, Rabail Zehra Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Remuzzi, Giuseppe Rezaei, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Negar Richards, Toby Rickard, Jennifer Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Roshandel, Gholamreza Roy, Bedanta Rwegerera, Godfrey M. Saad, Aly M. A. Sabour, Siamak Saddik, Basema Sadeghi, Malihe Sadeghian, Saeid Saeed, Umar Sahebkar, Amirhossein Sahoo, Harihar Salem, Marwa Rashad Samy, Abdallah M. Sankararaman, Senthilkumar Santoro, Rocco Santos, Itamar S. Satpathy, Maheswar Saya, Ganesh Kumar Seboka, Binyam Tariku Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta Senthilkumaran, Subramanian Seylani, Allen Shafeghat, Melika Shah, Pritik A. Shaikh, Masood Ali Shanawaz, Mohd Shannawaz, Mohammed Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharma, Purva Sheikhi, Rahim Ali Shenoy, Suchitra M. Shetty, Adithi Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Jeevan K. Shetty, Pavanchand H. Shin, Jae Il Shivalli, Siddharudha Shivarov, Velizar Shobeiri, Parnian Shorofi, Seyed Afshin Sikder, Mustafa Kamal Sima, Ali Reza Simegn, Wudneh Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Siraj, Md Shahjahan Sisay, Yordanos Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Solomon, Yonatan Song, Yi Sorensen, Reed J. D. Stanaway, Jeffrey D. Suchdev, Parminder S. Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sultana, Saima Szeto, Mindy D. Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha Tahamtan, Alireza Taheri, Majid Soodejani, Moslem Taheri Tamir, Zemenu Tan, Ker-Kan Tariqujjaman, Md Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang Tat, Nathan Y. Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Thapar, Rekha Thiyagarajan, Arulmani Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera Tigabu, Bereket M. Tiyuri, Amir Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Mai Thi Ngoc Tran Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno Ullah, Irfan Umer, Abdurezak Adem Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vacante, Marco Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan Valdez, Pascual R. Vart, Priya Varthya, Shoban Babu Vaziri, Siavash Verma, Madhur Veroux, Massimiliano Vervoort, Dominique Linh Gia Vu Wagaye, Birhanu Weldegebreal, Fitsum Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Woldemariam, Melat Wonde, Tewodros Eshete Wubetie, Gedif Ashebir Xu, Xiaoyue Yari, Kheirollah Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad Yigit, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yisihak, Eshetu Yon, Dong Keon Yonemoto, Naohiro Young, Melissa F. Yu, Chuanhua Yunusa, Ismaeel Zahir, Mazyar Zaki, Leila Zaman, Burhan Abdullah Zamora, Nelson Zare, Iman Zareshahrabadi, Zahra Zenebe, Getachew Assefa Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zheng, Peng Zoladl, Mohammad Hay, Simon I. Murray, Christopher J. L. Kassebaum, Nicholas J. |
Affiliation | Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA USA Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA USA Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA USA Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Hlth Syst Effectiveness, Portland, OR USA Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci, E Learning Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Appl Biomed Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran Jimma Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Jimma, Ethiopia Jimma Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jimma, Ethiopia Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Jimma, Ethiopia Tanta Univ, Trop Med Dept, Tanta, Egypt Haramaya Univ, Dept Emergency & Crit Care Nursing, Harar, Ethiopia Haramaya Univ, Dept Hlth Informat, Harar, Ethiopia Haramaya Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia Haramaya Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Harar, Ethiopia Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Med Anat, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Anat, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Arba Minch Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Yasuj Univ Med Sci, Lab Technol Sci Dept, Yasuj, Iran Yasuj Univ Med Sci, Dept Nursing, Yasuj, Iran Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Ho, Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat & Behav Sci, Ho, Ghana Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Liver & Pancreatobiliary Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Students Sci Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Childrens Med Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Fac Med, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Shariati Hosp, Tehran, Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Tehran, Iran Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Jimma Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Med Stat, London, England Clin Res Inst Benin, Dept Clin Res, Abomey Calavi, Benin Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia Univ Groningen, Dept Clin & Psychosocial Epidemiol, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Groningen, Dept Internal Med, Groningen, Netherlands Univ New South Wales, Ctr Social Res Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New South Wales, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New South Wales, Sch Populat Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Canc Inst NSW, Qual & Syst Performance Unit, Sydney, NSW, Australia Slum & Rural Hlth Initiat Res Acad, Slum & Rural Hlth Initiat, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Dept Physiotherapy, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Fac Publ Hlth, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria Univ Padjadjaran, Fac Med, Bandung, Indonesia Univ Management & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Lahore, Pakistan Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, Pakistan King Edward Mem Hosp, Dept Community Med, Lahore, Pakistan Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan Univ Indonesia, Dept Nutr, Jakarta, Indonesia Univ Indonesia, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Shaqra Univ, Dept Med Biochem, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia Shaqra Univ, Dept Pediat, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia Abasyn Univ, Dept Hlth & Biol Sci, Peshawar, Pakistan Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Adv Technol Med, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Natl Nutr & Food Technol Res Inst, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Nutr, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Funct Neurosurg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Eth & Law Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Urol & Nephrol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Khartoum, Inst Endem Dis, Khartoum, Sudan Univ Basel, Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland Univ Kurdistan Hewler, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Erbil, Iraq Nishtar Med Univ, Dept Neurol, Multan, Pakistan Natl Inst Nutr, Dept Food & Nutr Policy & Planning Res, Tehran, Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Shiraz, Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Shiraz, Iran Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol & Parasitol, Shiraz, Iran Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Mayo Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA Washington Univ St Louis, John T Milliken Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO USA US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA Asian Univ Women, Dept Publ Hlth, Chittagong, Bangladesh Harar Hlth Sci Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia Rift Valley Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia King Edward Med Univ, Dept Med, Lahore, Pakistan Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Dent Publ Hlth, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Family Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ, Qual Management Dept, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia King Saud Univ, Sect Adult Hematol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Univ Coast, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia Univ Cartagena, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Cartagena, Colombia Alexandria Univ, Alexandria Ctr Evidence Based Clin Practice Guide, Alexandria, Egypt Lingnan Univ, Sch Grad Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Promot, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Informat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Fac Pharm, Bucharest, Romania Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Anat & Embryol, Bucharest, Romania Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Minimally Invas Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Trauma & Injury Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran Koforidua Tech Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Koforidua, Ghana Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sari, Iran Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Sari, Iran Iranshahr Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Iranshahr, Iran Univ Malaya, Med Ctr, Dept Paediat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tashkent Inst Postgrad Med Educ, Publ Hlth & Healthcare Management, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Boston Childrens Hosp, Med Crit Care, Boston, MA USA Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Natl Data Management Ctr Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Knowledge Translat Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Water Sanitat & Hyg Unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Muscat, Oman Univ Cape Town, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Cape Town, South Africa Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Radiol Sci & Med Imaging Technol, Lahore, Pakistan Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Zanjan, Iran Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Bale Robe, Ethiopia Northumbria HealthCare NHS Fdn Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England Univ Melbourne, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal TATA Med Coll, Manipal, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Manipal, India Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Saveh Univ Med Sci, Dept Nursing, Saveh, Iran Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia Univ Canberra, Hlth Res Inst, Canberra, ACT, Australia Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Esfahan, Iran Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Esfahan, Iran Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Lodz, Poland Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh Adigrat Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Adigrat, Ethiopia McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON, Canada McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada Univ Gambia, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth, Brikama, Gambia Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Unit, Kotu, Gambia Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Acad Dept, Gurgaon, India Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan Univ Queensland, Ctr Res Excellence Stillbirth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst & Populat Studies Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh Wollo Univ, Med Lab Sci, Dessie, Ethiopia Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dessie, Ethiopia Wollo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Nutr, Dessie, Ethiopia Univ Porto, Dept Biol Sci, Porto, Portugal Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci, Porto, Portugal Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth, Porto, Portugal Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Arkansas, Dept Hlth Human Performance & Recreat, Fayetteville, AR USA All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Anat, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India All India Inst Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Surg Oncol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Gen Med, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Internal Med, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Mangalore, India Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan Aga Khan Univ, Dept Pediat, Karachi, Pakistan Sci Tools, Bergamo, Italy Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Sydney, Dept Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Ahvaz, Iran Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat Neurol, Ahvaz, Iran Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Egas Moniz, Clin Res Unit, Almada, Portugal Univ Med & Pharm Craiova, Clin Pharm, Craiova, Romania Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Nutr, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia Univ Gondar, Dept Biochem, Gondar, Ethiopia Univ Gondar, Dept Human Physiol, Gondar, Ethiopia Univ Gondar, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia Univ Gondar, Dept Social & Adm Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Sawangi, India Saveetha Univ, Saveetha Med Coll & Hosp, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Taichung Tzu Chi Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Buddhist Tzu Chi Med Fdn, Tanzih, Taiwan Cent Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Med Lab Sci & Biotechnol, Taichung, Taiwan Fed Med Ctr, Dept Paediat Surg, Umuahia, Nigeria Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, La Jolla, CA USA Polytech & Univ Higher Educ Cooperat, Therapeut & Diagnost Technol, Gandra, Portugal Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Sect Global Hlth & Rehabil, Bergen, Norway Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN USA Publ Hlth Fdn India, Div Res, Gurugram, India Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India Indian Council Med Res, Biostat, New Delhi, India Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq Minist Hlth & Welf, Dept Biochem, New Delhi, India Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Evaluat & Surveys Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Res Nutr & Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Gujarat Adani Inst Med Sci, Grad Med Educ, Bhuj, India Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia Wollega Univ, Dept Pharm, Nekemte, Ethiopia Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Bale Goba, Ethiopia Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal Natl Inst Pharmaceut Educ & Res, Dept Pharm Practice, Hajipur, India Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Autonomous Univ Sinaloa, Fac Vet Med & Zootech, Culiacan, Rosales, Mexico Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Arak, Iran Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Nursing, Arak, Iran Guilan Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Rasht, Iran Univ Cape Coast, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Cape Coast, Ghana Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Hlth Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia Minderoo Fdn, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia Al Azhar Univ, Dept Microbiol, Cairo, Egypt Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt Ain Shams Univ, Dept Internal Med, Cairo, Egypt Ain Shams Univ, Hematol Unit, Cairo, Egypt Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt Ain Shams Univ, Med Ain Shams Res Inst, Cairo, Egypt Univ Tripoli, Fac Med, Tripoli, Libya Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Med Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates Univ Sharjah, Sharjah Inst Med Res, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates Egypt Ctr Res & Regenerat Med, Cairo, Egypt Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Morehouse Sch Med, Satcher Hlth Leadership Inst, Atlanta, GA USA Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA Emory Univ, Dept Cardiol, Atlanta, GA USA Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Pharm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Jockey Club Sch Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Charite Med Univ Berlin, Inst Publ Hlth, Berlin, Germany Abadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol, Abadan, Iran Abadan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Abadan, Iran Ctr African Newborn Hlth & Nutr, Child Survival Unit, Ibadan, Nigeria Bayero Univ, Dept Community Med, Kano, Nigeria Aminu Kano Teaching Hosp, Dept Community Med, Kano, Nigeria Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India Nazarbayev Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Food Technol, Erbil, Iraq Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Forestry, Erbil, Iraq Cihan Univ Erbil, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Erbil, Iraq Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Surg Technol, Khorramabad, Iran All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Bathinda, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Hosp Adm, Bathinda, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiodiag, Bathinda, India All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Bathinda, India King Edward Mem Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Nursing & Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia Khomein Univ Med Sci, Dept Lab Sci, Khomein, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat Allergy & Immunol, Tabriz, Iran Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Qazvin, Iran Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA Univ Birmingham, NIHR Global Hlth Res Unit Global Surg, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India Sana Inst Higher Educ, Dept Genet, Sari, Iran Salale Univ, Publ Hlth Dept, Fitche, Ethiopia Univ Sulaimani, Dept Family & Community Med, Sulaimani, Iraq Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Anesthesia, Goba, Ethiopia Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Kandy, Sri Lanka Lehigh Valley Hlth Network, Dept Cardiol, Allentown, PA USA Univ South Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC USA Univ South Carolina, Dept Clin Pharm & Outcomes Sci, Columbia, SC USA BRAC Univ, Ctr Noncommunicable Dis & Nutr, Dhaka, Bangladesh Shriram Inst Ind Res, Dept Toxicol, Delhi, India Macquarie Univ, Fac Med Hlth & Human Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Nursing, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI USA Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Dongguk Univ, Dept Anat, Gyeongju, South Korea Syiah Kuala Univ, Med Res Unit, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Children & Families Life Cours, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Karaj, Iran Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Peoples R China Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA Micronutrient Forum, Washington, DC USA Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Robe, Ethiopia Taiz Univ, Dept Appl Microbiol, Taizi, Yemen Nankai Univ, Dept Microbiol, Tianjin, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Div Hlth Serv Promot, Tokyo, Japan Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang, Vietnam Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam Duy Tan Univ, Fac Med, Da Nang, Vietnam Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med Dept, Bucharest, Romania Masaryk Univ, Czech Natl Ctr Evidence Based Healthcare & Knowle, Brno, Czech Republic Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno, Czech Republic Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia Bangalore Baptist Hosp, Div Community Hlth & Family Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia MAHSA Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia Dr DY Patil Univ, Dept Orthodont & Dentofacial Orthoped, Pune, Maharashtra, India Lausanne Univ Hosp CHUV, Div Pulm Med, Lausanne, Switzerland Univ Colombo, Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka Natl Hosp, Dept Surg, Colombo, Sri Lanka Govt Med Coll, Dept Biochem, Mysuru, India Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL USA Dilla Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Dilla, Ethiopia Dilla Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Dilla, Ethiopia Dilla Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dilla, Ethiopia Dilla Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dilla, Ethiopia Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Interdisciplinary Sch Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India Sch Tourism & Hospitality Management, Food Evolut Res Lab, Johannesburg, South Africa Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel, Basel, Switzerland Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany Univ Opole, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, Opole, Poland Gonabad Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Gonabad, Iran Natl Inst Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Sydney Eye Hosp, South Eastern Sydney Local Hlth Dist, Sydney, NSW, Australia Hofstra Univ, Sch Hlth Profess & Human Serv, Hempstead, NY USA Majmaah Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Hlth Rehabil, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia Catholic Univ Bukavu, Ctr Trop Dis & Global Hl |
Keywords | MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES IRON-DEFICIENCY WOMEN IMPACT MORTALITY CHILDREN HEALTH POPULATIONS OUTCOMES |
Issue Date | Sep-2023 |
Publisher | LANCET HAEMATOLOGY |
Abstract | Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24 center dot 3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23 center dot 9-24 center dot 7), corresponding to 1 center dot 92 billion (1 center dot 89-1 center dot 95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28 center dot 2% (27 center dot 8-28 center dot 5) and 1 center dot 50 billion (1 center dot 48-1 center dot 52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52 center dot 0 million (35 center dot 1-75 center dot 1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422 center dot 4 [95% UI 286 center dot 1-612 center dot 9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89 center dot 0 [58 center dot 2-123 center dot 7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36 center dot 3 [24 center dot 4-52 center dot 8]), collectively accounting for 84 center dot 7% (84 center dot 1-85 center dot 2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. |
URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/691028 |
ISSN | 2352-3026 |
DOI | 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6 |
Indexed | SCI(E) |
Appears in Collections: | 待认领 |