| Title | Analgesic Alkaloids Derived From Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pain Management |
| Authors | Jiang, Wei Tang, Mingze Yang, Limin Zhao, Xu Gao, Jun Jiao, Yue Li, Tao Tie, Cai Gao, Tianle Han, Yanxing Jiang, Jian-Dong |
| Affiliation | Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Shaoxing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Bioact Subst & Funct Nat Med, Beijing, Peoples R China Peking Univ, Clin Div 1, Hosp Stomatol, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Neurosurg, Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Beijing Key Lab Tradit Chinese Med Basic Res Prev, Expt Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources & Safety Min, Beijing, Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol, Sch Chem & Environm Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci, Res Unit Digest Tract Microecosyst Pharmacol &, Beijing, Peoples R China |
| Keywords | OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION INDUCED MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION INDUCED INFLAMMATORY PAIN NEUROPATHIC PAIN SOPHORA-FLAVESCENS L-STEPHOLIDINE DOUBLE-BLIND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS P2X(3) RECEPTOR |
| Issue Date | 10-May-2022 |
| Publisher | FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY |
| Abstract | Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. The establishment of chronic pain is complex. Current medication for chronic pain mainly dependent on anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants and opioidergic drugs. However, they have limited therapeutic efficacy, and some even with severe side effects. We turned our interest into alkaloids separated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), that usually act on multiple drug targets. In this article, we introduced the best-studied analgesic alkaloids derived from TCM, including tetrahydropalmatine, aloperine, oxysophocarpine, matrine, sinomenine, ligustrazine, evodiamine, brucine, tetrandrine, Stopholidine, and lappaconitine, focusing on their mechanisms and potential clinical applications. To better describe the mechanism of these alkaloids, we adopted the concept of drug-cloud (dCloud) theory. dCloud illustrated the full therapeutic spectrum of multitarget analgesics with two dimensions, which are "direct efficacy", including inhibition of ion channels, activating gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/opioid receptors, to suppress pain signal directly; and "background efficacy", including reducing neuronal inflammation/oxidative stress, inhibition of glial cell activation, restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, to cure the root causes of chronic pain. Empirical evidence showed drug combination is beneficial to 30-50% chronic pain patients. To promote the discovery of effective analgesic combinations, we introduced an ancient Chinese therapeutic regimen that combines herbal drugs with "Jun", "Chen", "Zuo", and "Shi" properties. In dCloud, "Jun" drug acts directly on the major symptom of the disease; "Chen" drug generates major background effects; "Zuo" drug has salutary and supportive functions; and "Shi" drug facilitates drug delivery to the targeted tissue. Subsequently, using this concept, we interpreted the therapeutic effect of established analgesic compositions containing TCM derived analgesic alkaloids, which may contribute to the establishment of an alternative drug discovery model. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/646883 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphar.2022.851508 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 口腔医院 |
