| Title | Calibration of the air shower energy scale of the water and air Cherenkov techniques in the LHAASO experiment |
| Authors | Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bao, Y. W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Cai, H. Cai, J. T. Cao, Zhen Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J. F. Chen, B. M. Chen, E. S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cui, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Dai, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre Dong, X. J. Duan, K. K. Fan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Gao, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, L. Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M. M. Geng, L. S. Gong, G. H. Gou, Q. B. Gu, M. H. Guo, F. L. Guo, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Han, Y. A. He, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y. K. Hou, C. Hu, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Huang, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Z. C. Ji, F. Ji, X. L. Jia, H. Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B. B. Li, Cong Li, Cheng Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Lin, S. J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Long, W. J. Lu, R. Lv, H. K. Ma, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Mao, J. R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y. C. Pang, B. Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z. Y. Qi, M. Y. Qi, Y. Q. Qiao, B. Q. Qin, J. J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V Saiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X. D. Shi, J. Y. Song, H. C. Stenkin, Yu, V Stepanov, V Su, Y. Sun, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Tam, P. H. T. Tang, Z. B. Tian, W. W. Wang, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zhen Wang, Zheng Wei, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wen, T. Wu, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Xi, S. Q. Xia, J. Xia, J. J. Xiang, G. M. Xiao, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, H. B. Xin, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xing, Y. Xu, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xue, L. Yan, D. H. Yan, J. Z. Yang, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yao, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Ye, Y. M. Yin, L. Q. Yin, N. You, X. H. You, Z. Y. Yu, Y. H. Yuan, Q. Zeng, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zha, M. Zhai, X. X. Zhang, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, Lu Zhang, Li Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, Yong Zhang, Yi Zhao, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zheng, F. Zheng, Y. Zhou, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhu, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zuo, X. |
| Affiliation | Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Expt Phys Div, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Ctr, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China TIANFU Cosm Ray Res Ctr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys Guangzhou, Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, Peoples R China Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China Hebei Normal Univ, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Key Lab Dark Matter & Space Astron, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Shandong Univ, Inst Frontier & Interdisciplinary Sci, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China Sichuan Univ, Coll Phys, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China Tibet Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Cosm Rays, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China Wuhan Univ, Sch Phys & Technol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Yunnan, Peoples R China Northeastern Univ, Coll Sci, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, Peoples R China Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, Complesso Univ Monte SantAngelo,Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Moscow 141700, Russia Univ Geneva, Fac Sci, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand |
| Keywords | PERFORMANCE FIELD |
| Issue Date | 15-Sep-2021 |
| Publisher | PHYSICAL REVIEW D |
| Abstract | The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of the cosmic ray species over a very wide energy range from a few TeV to 10 PeV. The energy calibration can be achieved with a proven technique of measuring the westward shift of the Moon shadow cast by galactic cosmic rays due to the geomagnetic field. This deflection angle. is inversely proportional to the cosmic ray rigidity. The precise measurement of the shifts by WCDA allows us to calibrate its energy scale for energies as high as 35 TeV. Through a set of commonly triggered events, the energy scales can be propagated to WFCTA. The energies of the events can be derived both by WCDA-1 and WFCTAwith the median energies 23.4 +/- 0.1 +/- 1.3 TeV and (21.9 +/- 0.1 TeV), respectively, which are consistent within uncertainties. In addition, the propagation of the energy scale is also validated by the Moon shadow based on the same data selection criteria of the commonly triggered events. This paper reports, for the first time, an observational measurement of the absolute energy scale of the primary cosmic rays generating showers observed by air Cherenkov telescopes. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/626120 |
| ISSN | 2470-0010 |
| DOI | 10.1103/PhysRevD.104.062007 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 物理学院 |
