| Title | Modeling of Flame Retardants in Typical Urban Indoor Environments in China during 2010-2030: Influence of Policy and Decoration and Implications for Human Exposure |
| Authors | Li, Zengwei Zhu, Ying Wang, Dou Zhang, Xianming Jones, Kevin C. Ma, Jianmin Wang, Pu Yang, Ruiqiang Li, Yingming Pei, Zhiguo Zhang, Qinghua Jiang, Guibin |
| Affiliation | Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Lab Hangzhou Risk Assessment Agr Prod, Minist Agr, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Concordia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, West Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China |
| Keywords | POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS HUMAN DIETARY EXPOSURE CONSUMER PRODUCTS DIFFERENT MICROENVIRONMENTS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ORGANOPHOSPHATE DUST AIR PBDES EMISSIONS |
| Issue Date | 7-Sep-2021 |
| Publisher | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY |
| Abstract | Novel flame retardants (FRs) are of increasing concern, given growing evidence of health effects and use to replace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This study modeled combined effects of use policies and decoration on indoor FRs and human exposure for 18 widely used PBDEs, organophosphate esters (OPEs), and novel brominated flame retardants in typical urban indoor environments in China. The current estimated indoor emission rates and average concentrations in air and dust of the 18 FRs were 10(2)-10(3) ng/h, 561 ng/m(3), and 1.5 x 10(4) ng/g, respectively, with seven OPEs dominant (>69%). Different use patterns exist between China and the US and Europe. Scenarios modeled over 2010-2030 suggested that decoration would affect indoor concentrations of FRs more than use policies, and use policies were mainly responsible for shifts of FR composition. Additional use of hexabromobenzene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene and removal of BDE-209 would make the total human exposure to the modeled FR mixture increase after the restriction of penta- and octa-BDE but decrease after deca-BDE was banned. Better knowledge of the toxicity of substitutes is needed for a complete understanding of the health implications of such changes. Toddlers may be more affected by use changes than adults. Such studies are supportive to the management of FR use.Y |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/624619 |
| ISSN | 0013-936X |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.1c03402 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 城市与环境学院 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室 |
