| Title | A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks |
| Authors | Tian, Hanqin Xu, Rongting Canadell, Josep G. Thompson, Rona L. Winiwarter, Wilfried Suntharalingam, Parvadha Davidson, Eric A. Ciais, Philippe Jackson, Robert B. Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Prather, Michael J. Regnier, Pierre Pan, Naiqing Pan, Shufen Peters, Glen P. Shi, Hao Tubiello, Francesco N. Zaehle, Soenke Zhou, Feng Arneth, Almut Battaglia, Gianna Berthet, Sarah Bopp, Laurent Bouwman, Alexander F. Buitenhuis, Erik T. Chang, Jinfeng Chipperfield, Martyn P. Dangal, Shree R. S. Dlugokencky, Edward Elkins, James W. Eyre, Bradley D. Fu, Bojie Hall, Bradley Ito, Akihiko Joos, Fortunat Krummel, Paul B. Landolfi, Angela Laruelle, Goulven G. Lauerwald, Ronny Li, Wei Lienert, Sebastian Maavara, Taylor MacLeod, Michael Millet, Dylan B. Olin, Stefan Patra, Prabir K. Prinn, Ronald G. Raymond, Peter A. Ruiz, Daniel J. van der Werf, Guido R. Vuichard, Nicolas Wang, Junjie Weiss, Ray F. Wells, Kelley C. Wilson, Chris Yang, Jia Yao, Yuanzhi |
| Affiliation | Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT, Australia NILU, Norsk Inst Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Laxenburg, Austria Univ Zielona Gora, Inst Environm Engn, Zielona Gora, Poland Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD USA UPSACLAY, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, LSCE, UVSQ,CEA,CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Joint Res Ctr JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy Univ Ghent, Fac Engn & Architecture, Ghent, Belgium Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Geosci Environm & Soc, Brussels, Belgium Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China CICERO Ctr Int Climate Res, Oslo, Norway United Nations, Stat Div, Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany Peking Univ, Sino France Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys Phys Inst, Bern, Switzerland Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol CNRM, Meteo France, Toulouse, France Sorbonne Univ, PSL Univ, Ecole Normale Super, Ecole Polytech,CNRS,LMD IPSL, Paris, France PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci Geochem, Utrecht, Netherlands Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Marine Chem Theory & Technol, Minist Educ, Qingdao, Peoples R China Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA NOAA, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO USA Southern Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Coastal Biogeochem, Lismore, NSW, Australia Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Climate Sci Ctr, Aspendale, Vic, Australia GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany CNR, Ist Sci Marine, Rome, Italy Univ Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval Grignon, France Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing, Peoples R China Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA Scotlands Rural Coll SRUC, Land Econ, Environm & Soc, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Chiba Univ, Ctr Environm Remote Sensing, Chiba, Japan MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Vrije Univ, Fac Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA |
| Keywords | GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS N2O EMISSIONS PATTERNS |
| Issue Date | 8-Oct-2020 |
| Publisher | NATURE |
| Abstract | Bottom-up and top-down approaches are used to quantify global nitrous oxide sources and sinks resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources, revealing a 30% increase in global human-induced emissions between 1980 and 2016. Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion(1)and climate change(2), with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios(3,4), underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/592518 |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 城市与环境学院 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室 |
