| Title | Journey to the east: Diverse routes and variable flowering times for wheat and barley en route to prehistoric China |
| Authors | Liu, Xinyi Lister, Diane L. Zhao, Zhijun Petrie, Cameron A. Zeng, Xiongsheng Jones, Penelope J. Staff, Richard A. Pokharia, Anil K. Bates, Jennifer Singh, Ravindra N. Weber, Steven A. Matuzeviciute, Giedre Motuzaite Dong, Guanghui Li, Haiming Lu, Hongliang Jiang, Hongen Wang, Jianxin Ma, Jian Tian, Duo Jin, Guiyun Zhou, Liping Wu, Xiaohong Jones, Martin K. |
| Affiliation | Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cambridge, McDonald Inst Archaeol Res, Cambridge, England. Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Archaeol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hist Nat Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Oxford, Res Lab Archaeol & Hist Art, Oxford, England. Univ Glasgow, SUERC, E Kibride, Scotland. Birbal Sahni Inst Paleobot, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept AIHC & Archaeol, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Vancouver, WA USA. Vilnius Univ, Dept Archaeol, Vilnius, Lithuania. Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. Sichuan Univ, Dept Archaeol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Hist Sci & Archaeometry, Beijing, Peoples R China. Northwest Univ Xian, Sch Cultural Heritage, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Sch Hist & Culture, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Sch Archaeol & Museol, Beijing, Peoples R China. |
| Keywords | BRONZE-AGE FOOD GLOBALIZATION TIBETAN PLATEAU SOUTH-ASIA AGRICULTURE CROPS ADAPTATION PATHWAYS EXCHANGE ORIGINS |
| Issue Date | 2017 |
| Publisher | PLOS ONE |
| Citation | PLOS ONE. 2017, 12(11). |
| Abstract | Today, farmers in many regions of eastern Asia sow their barley grains in the spring and harvest them in the autumn of the same year (spring barley). However, when it was first domesticated in southwest Asia, barley was grown between the autumn and subsequent spring (winter barley), to complete their life cycles before the summer drought. The question of when the eastern barley shifted from the original winter habit to flexible growing schedules is of significance in terms of understanding its spread. This article investigates when barley cultivation dispersed from southwest Asia to regions of eastern Asia and how the eastern spring barley evolved in this context. We report 70 new radiocarbon measurements obtained directly from barley grains recovered from archaeological sites in eastern Eurasia. Our results indicate that the eastern dispersals of wheat and barley were distinct in both space and time. We infer that barley had been cultivated in a range of markedly contrasting environments by the second millennium BC. In this context, we consider the distribution of known haplotypes of a flowering-time gene in barley, Ppd-H1, and infer that the distributions of those haplotypes may reflect the early dispersal of barley. These patterns of dispersal resonate with the second and first millennia BC textual records documenting sowing and harvesting times for barley in central/eastern China. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/497415 |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0187405 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) PubMed SSCI |
| Appears in Collections: | 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室 考古文博学院 |
