| Title | Top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, China |
| Authors | Fang, Xuekun Shao, Min Stohl, Andreas Zhang, Qiang Zheng, Junyu Guo, Hai Wang, Chen Wang, Ming Ou, Jiamin Thompson, Rona L. Prinn, Ronald G. |
| Affiliation | MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. S China Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Air Qual Studies, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Qilu Univ Technol, Coll Environm Engn & Sci, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. |
| Keywords | VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS NMHCS PRD REGION EAST-ASIA SOURCE APPORTIONMENT GREENHOUSE GASES AIR-POLLUTANTS COMPOUNDS VOCS MIXING RATIOS |
| Issue Date | 2016 |
| Publisher | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
| Citation | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS.2016,16,(5),3369-3382. |
| Abstract | Benzene (C6H6) and toluene (C7H8) are toxic to humans and the environment. They are also important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols and contribute substantially to severe air pollution in urban areas in China. Discrepancies exist between different bottom-up inventories for benzene and toluene emissions in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Hong Kong (HK), which are emission hot spots in China. This study provides top-down estimates of benzene and toluene emissions in the PRD and HK using atmospheric measurement data from a rural site in the area, Heshan, an atmospheric transport model, and an inverse modeling method. The model simulations captured the measured mixing ratios during most pollution episodes. For the PRD and HK, the benzene emissions estimated in this study for 2010 were 44aEuro-(12-75) and 5aEuro-(2-7)aEuro-GgaEuro-yr(-1) for the PRD and HK, respectively, and the toluene emissions were 131aEuro-(44-218) and 6aEuro-(2-9)aEuro-GgaEuro-yr(-1), respectively. Temporal and spatial differences between the inversion estimate and four different bottom-up emission estimates are discussed, and it is proposed that more observations at different sites are urgently needed to better constrain benzene and toluene (and other air pollutant) emissions in the PRD and HK in the future. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/438845 |
| ISSN | 1680-7316 |
| DOI | 10.5194/acp-16-3369-2016 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 环境科学与工程学院 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室 |
