| Title | Intraspecific and heteroplasmic variations, gene losses and inversions in the chloroplast genome of Astragalus membranaceus |
| Authors | Lei, Wanjun Ni, Dapeng Wang, Yujun Shao, Junjie Wang, Xincun Yang, Dan Wang, Jinsheng Chen, Haimei Liu, Chang |
| Affiliation | Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinzhong, Shanxi, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Coll Med, Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Res Ctr Med Plants, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinzhong, Shanxi, Peoples R China. Chen, HM Liu, C (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Med, Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. |
| Keywords | RADIX-ASTRAGALI EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS LEGUMES LEGUMINOSAE DNA-SEQUENCES ANGIOSPERMS REARRANGEMENTS PHARMACOLOGY RESOLVES HUANGQI PROGRAM |
| Issue Date | 2016 |
| Publisher | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS |
| Citation | SCIENTIFIC REPORTS.2016,6. |
| Abstract | Astragalus membranaceus is an important medicinal plant in Asia. Several of its varieties have been used interchangeably as raw materials for commercial production. High resolution genetic markers are in urgent need to distinguish these varieties. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genome of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao using the next generation DNA sequencing technology. The genome was assembled using Abyss and then subjected to gene prediction using CPGAVAS and repeat analysis using MISA, Tandem Repeats Finder, and REPuter. Finally, the genome was subjected phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses. The complete genome is 123,582 bp long, containing only one copy of the inverted repeat. Gene prediction revealed 110 genes encoding 76 proteins, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. Five intra-specific hypermutation loci were identified, three of which are heteroplasmic. Furthermore, three gene losses and two large inversions were identified. Comparative genomic analyses demonstrated the dynamic nature of the Papilionoideae chloroplast genomes, which showed occurrence of numerous hypermutation loci, frequent gene losses, and fragment inversions. Results obtained herein elucidate the complex evolutionary history of chloroplast genomes and have laid the foundation for the identification of genetic markers to distinguish A. membranaceus varieties. |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11897/438610 |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| DOI | 10.1038/srep21669 |
| Indexed | SCI(E) |
| Appears in Collections: | 待认领 |
